Marinated In Flavor

Our project nears completion

I can’t believe the changes taking place at the house on Constance. The tile work is complete in the master bath and it looks wonderful. 

We had Moses put in some shelving for bath products and love the result. Randy also brought over the vanity. It’s made out of some of the reclaimed aromatic cedar and his finished it with slightly distressed finish. I love it…

The only thing missing is the stone top which will be installed next week.

Mr Lynch came in this morning and put the brown stain on alternate squares of the master bedroom. He is supposed to come back and blacken the gray tiles, however after I saw it and consulted with Kelly we have decided to leave the gray tiles as is. They are much lighter than they will be if he applies a black stain and I think the floor will be to dark. 

You can imagine how dark the room would be if the gray squares in this picture were black and how heavy feeling it would be. This will probably shave a couple of days off of the schedule which is awesome.

The kitchen cabinets are also being installed and they look wonderful

For some reason I did not take a picture of the opposite wall, but there are cabinets there as well. The island is shaping up too. We unfortunately don’t have enough reclaimed cherry to finish out the island so we’re going to paint the plywood until we have enough cherry to clad the island…I don’t mind if we have to wait a little while…

Too bad we’re going to be out of town for the next two weeks. I’m looking forward to seeing it when we return…Stay tuned…

Broccoli Cheese Soup

I was watching my Saturday morning cooking shows last week and the folks from America’s Test Kitchen, (my favorite show) were making broccoli and cheese soup.  They were talking about the fact that broccoli that has been cooked a long time gets slightly sulfurous in flavor and they wanted to try and prevent that. Now I’m not that familiar with the credentials of the America’s Test Kitchen staff, but I’m sure they must consult food scientists over issues like this. Turns out that the reason overcooked broccoli tastes bad is because of the release of sulfur compounds which occur when the broccoli is cooked until just tender. Cooking the broccoli for a full hour broke up the sulfur compounds resulting in broccoli that was very tender with a sweet and nutty flavor. They also discovered that adding a pinch of baking soda helped speed up the process. With the addition of cheddar and parmesan cheese the soup is so rich and creamy that it doesn’t need any cream.

To make a vegetarian version substitute vegetable broth for chicken broth.

Broccoli and Cheese Soup                                                     Serves 6-8  

  • 2 tablespoons unsalted butter
  • 2 lbs broccoli, flowerets cut into 1 inch pieces; stems trimmed of fibrous peel and cores sliced in 1/4 inch slices
  • 1 cup chopped sweet onion
  • 2 medium garlic cloves, minced or pressed, about 2 teaspoons
  • 1 1/2 teaspoons dry mustard powder
  • pinch cayenne pepper
  • kosher salt
  • 4 cups water
  • 1/4 teaspoon baking soda
  • 2 cups low-sodium chicken broth
  • 2 ounces baby spinach
  • 4 ounces sharp cheddar cheese, shredded
  • 2 ounces grated parmesan cheese
  • kosher salt and fresh ground black pepper to taste

Heat butter in a large dutch oven over medium-high heat.

When foaming subsides add broccoli, onion, garlic, dry mustard, cayenne pepper and 1 teaspoon salt. Cook, stirring frequently, until fragrant, about 6 minutes. 

Add 1 cup of water and the baking soda. Bring to a simmer, cover and cook the broccoli and vegetables for about 30-40 minutes, stirring once during cooking. (The recipe calls for cooking the broccoli for only 20 minutes, however I found the  broccoli to be than less than tender after only 20 minutes so I cooked my broccoli longer.)

Add broth and 2 cups water and increase heat to medium-high. When mixture begins to simmer add the spinach leaves and cook them till wilted, about 1 minute.

Transfer half the soup to a blender.

Add the cheeses and process until smooth, about a minute.

Transfer soup to a bowl and add the remaining broccoli and broth to the blender to finish the process. Adjust the consistency of the soup to your liking by adding up to a cup of water if desired. Correct seasoning if necessary and serve the soup with croutons and a sprinkling of grated parmesan.

This soup is delicious and I highly recommend it. The spinach gives the overcooked broccoli a beautiful color without affecting the flavor.

For the Croutons

  • 6 slices of whole wheat bread cut into 1/2 inch dice
  • 2 tbsp butter
  • salt and pepper to taste

Heat the butter in a heavy skillet over medium-high heat. Saute the bread cubes to coat with the butter. 

Continue to sauté the bread until it begins to toast and gets crunchy. Drain excess butter away by spreading the croutons on paper towels. Season lightly with salt and pepper and serve sprinkled on top of the soup.

These tiny croutons help give the soup added dimension. Enjoy!

Color Selections

Work continues on the Old DixieTavern and there has been a lot going on. Kelly came to work last weekend and we visited the cabinet shop to see the paint and stain samples on the wood that Lane brought back from Mississippi. What we have is poplar, cherry and mainly pine.

The stain looked great on the cherry and poplar samples. The pine had too much grain and the stain looked two toned which was way too busy. 

The cabinets are looking great and I think the colors are going to be beautiful and serene. The tile for the kitchen backsplash has been revised. We ended up choosing a glass subway tile which I think will look great with the granite.

I really like the way it looks with the light colored stain. We’re also going to leave a little of the roughness on the cabinets made from the Mississippi wood. I’m taking a chance with this here but Kelly assures me that it will be great.

This is the style of the cabinet doors. It’s a shaker style and I think it’s a good choice. We also chose pulls for the cabinets, however I did not take a picture of them to show you. I will take one and blog on it later.

This is the color we chose for the upstairs family room. It’s a soft sage green, which will appeal to Lane’s love of all things bright.

Our bedroom is a soft gray color, which I find very soothing…

I looks slightly lavender in this pic but it’s beautiful and cool feeling. If you look toward the top of the photo the color is more realistic.

This is a heating grid that is being applied under the ceramic tile in our bathroom. It will have a wall control that we can turn on to heat the floor…I can’t wait.

The teal color you see in the picture above is a waterproofing material that is applied prior to the tile. We chose this travertine for the walls in the master bath.

It’s not that easy to see but this is the tile that is being installed in our bathroom. It is a ceramic tile, not the travertine I originally had picked out. Because of budget constraints we decided to change to this. It actually has a woodgrain pattern which is beautiful and they are installing it with a chevron pattern.

We also chose a different travertine for the walls which will extend 5 ft up the walls. The tone is less busy than the other travertine which I like better. 

The new ductwork has finally been installed and it looks great. It is the kind of metal that needs to be painted but we really liked it the way it was. We’re investigating the idea of painting with some kind of clear coat if that’s possible. Otherwise we will paint it the color of the ceiling.

The sheetrock has been almost completely installed and it’s looking good. The guys who are doing the taping and floating are doing a really good job.

We’ve discovered a few leaks in the upstairs windows on the Terpsichore side of the house. We had a really heavy rain last week and found water running down the inside of the outer walls which will have to be addressed before we move in. I’m in a bit of distress about this as we were not planning to paint the entire house, however due to the leaks we will probably have to caulk everything and then paint the entire house. I suppose its better to know now then later while we can address it professionally.

It’s been a while since I have blogged about the project. Apparently some vendors have been coming by to see when we’re opening so they can stock the Tavern. I had a feeling this might happen when we restored the Dixie Tavern sign out front. I think it’s pretty funny.

More to come…stay tuned.

Final Selections on Appliances

I went out to Ferguson to take pictures of all the appliances I’ve chosen for the new house. I mainly chose Thermador appliances because first, I liked the things I saw and secondly, they were running a promotion that made the deal irresistible. 

The refrigerator: I have a Sub-Zero refrigerator freezer right now and it’s working well, but when I saw these beautiful Thermador columns I couldn’t resist, and since they were running a promotion I would get a dishwasher for free. This is a picture of the Thermador column and the dishwasher I’m getting…

This particular column is 24 inches wide but the ones I chose are each 30 inches wide.

This is a basic Thermador dishwasher but I think it will work nicely…

I’m really excited about my new cooktop. Again I chose Thermador because of the promotion and this time for buying the cooktop I got the vent hood for free…

I don’t have a picture of the vent hood but here is a picture of the cooktop…

I don’t know if you can see this but the burners are an new patented design and they are star shaped. This is supposed to heat the pots and pans more evenly. I’m looking forward to cooking on this new cooktop. It also has a griddle that converts into a grill.

And now for ovens. I chose a double oven combination. Again it’s a Thermador and the ovens are 30 inches across.

For the rest of the appliances I chose a Kitchenaid ice machine and microwave drawer to round things out. 

As far as the house in concerned all the wiring for the lights, security system and the audio/video has been done. The sheetrock is almost completely done and the elevator shaft has been constructed. Taping and floating is being done to seal and smooth the sheetrock and the island in the kitchen is being framed. I noticed that the brackets that will support the bar are in the framing of the island. 

Lane and I went to see the wood that he brought back from Mississippi and it’s hard to tell anything about it. We were told that when Randy gets back from his honeymoon they will plane some of it to see what it looks like. We’ve been talking about our vision for what the cabinets should look like, finish wise. Since this wood was ruff milled we’d like to keep a little bit of rusticity to the finish. They will do samples for us to approve before they do any finishes.

Because of budget constraints we changed the kitchen backsplash tile to a more subtle glass subway tile which I think will be just as pretty but simpler. We’ve also chosen to stain some of the kitchen cabinets while painting the rest. 

There will be more to come soon…

Stay tuned….

Constance Work Cont’d

Let me say at the outset that I could not be more pleased with the way our Constance St project is going. Kelly came in on Tuesday and we’ve been working non-stop on all fronts. We met with Steve on Wednesday morning along with the sound engineer, and the security guy. We coordinated the scope of work to be done and work is scheduled to begin next week. We also went to the tile store to find a sample we thought would work with the granite we had previously picked out. I had fallen in love with a tile that I thought would be beautiful only to learn that it has been discontinued. The same company however makes other tile in the same color and glaze and this is what we settled on…

This is pretty close to the actual color. It’s in a teardrop pattern and is from Artistic Tile. This will be installed on the backsplash of the kitchen…and I love it!

We also finished with selections of the pendant lights for over the bar. We had originally decided to use some of the schoolhouse lights for this application, but I just wasn’t altogether excited about that. I do want to use them in other places but I wanted something special for over the bar area. I had seen these the last time I was at Lightling Inc. and loved them then. Luckily Kelly was on the same page as me and loved them too….here they are.

We chose them in a dark bronze finish which will go perfectly with the ceiling fans.

We also added art lights and moved some of the cans around for more ambient lighting. Thank God for Kelly…that was a great move on his part.

We also went by to check progress on the things we’re doing with the Bank, which is an architectural salvage business.

They have beautiful salvaged architectural elements but also hand craft furniture from some of the salvaged wood. We wanted to see the progress on the oversized cabinet we purchased previously and it’s coming along well…

They have also cleaned up the cart we’re going to use for our coffee table but still have a ways to go on the finishing. They’re going to secure the metal straps that hold the boards in place, but this is what it looks like now…

It’s going to be a conversation piece if nothing else, but it is a great size and high enough to serve many purposes.

One of the many things The Bank does is build shutters, and we’re having them manufacture all of our interior shutters. They’re made out of a Spanish cedar and look similar to teak when they are finished. I think they will be beautiful in our windows and give us the privacy we desire but also filter in great light.  Here is an example of the shutters…

We opened up the vestibule leading into our bedroom to receive 8 foot doors and have decided to install these wonderful french doors that came out of an old hotel in Belle Chasse. I know they don’t look like much now but they will be stripped and cleaned up and make a beautiful entry into our bedroom….

I didn’t take pictures of the doorknobs we chose but they are brown porcelain and will look great on all the doors in the house.

As you can see the vestibule in which the staircase was in has been totally demolished.

I have a feeling they will begin construction on the new staircase next week. 

We are creating a home in which all of our family can be comfortable and happy. With the future addition of an outdoor living space I know we will enjoy many years of comfort and happiness in this wonderful old building. I can’t wait….

Renovation Continues…

The renovation continues on the the new abode. It’s hard to call it a house because of it’s history as a business, and the shape and style of the building says shop or bar. In its last heyday it was a bar and pool hall called the “Dixie Tavern” which closed in the mid-80’s. Before that it was a bakery called “Rothschmidt Bros” of which there are traditional blue and white tiles still embedded in the front step. 

The progress is continuing on the front sidewalk and it’s looking great. The bricks on the side street don’t match the ones that front on Constance but that’s because they were able to save the original bricks that were previously covered by grass that run along Terpsichore. We were very lucky that the bricks were still there but I suppose that was due to the grass and soil that grew on the surface of the walk keeping them “planted” so to speak….

First they put in a gravel layer which they then cover with sand. They run a border of bricks laying on their sides forming a border, then the lay the bricks 2 at a time in a herringbone pattern. They finish with more sand which they sweep between the bricks to set them. They’re working at a good pace and will probably be finished by the end of the week.


These are samples of the kinds of interior doors we’re using. We are leaving them in the raw state. I love the patina of the old wood and the imperfections in the doors.

I finished picking the plumbing fixtures for our bathroom and the powder room. The fixtures are by Kohler and they are the color, “sandbar”.

I also chose my new bathtub. It’s new but it’s cast iron and I chose it in a two tone combination of “cashmere and sandbar”. We may have reversed the combination and I guess I will be surprised when it arrives. Here is an example…

This tub is 5 1/2 feet long…I know it doesn’t look that big but it’s big enough to stretch out in and it’s very comfortable. 


One of the other things I’ve been working on is the lighting. We’re going to try and use the school house lights that were previously installed but the person who originally saved the building from collapse, and we like them. If your refer back to the early pictures of the building you can see that the lights were installed along the left side of the house in a row down the middle. Now that we’re creating rooms within the space the previous installation has left the lights hanging in a strange configuration.

The framing for the new master bedroom has been done and you can see Lane’s closet laid out in the rear. We added about 6 inches to the width of the closet which I’m sure he will be happy with.

This picture is taken from the kitchen looking toward the pantry and vestibule leading to our bedroom suite. The pantry is to the right and my closet is just next to it on the left.

Here is a picture of the lighting I chose for over the medicine cabinet. We’re going to recess the cabinets so the light will be cast without shadows…..I hope. They’re sort of retro looking and I think they will look good considering the style of the bathroom.

This is a light fixture I’m considering for over the dining room table however that’s not set. I’m waiting for Kelly to return from Houston to help me with this selection. I’ve also been looking at gas lighting for the building on the side facing the yard. Two styles were recommended to me by Bevelo and I will post about them once I make my selections. 

That’s all for now….Kelly is returning next Tuesday so I’ll have lots to post about after that….

Productive Weekend

Wow…where to  begin. I picked up Kelly on Thursday afternoon and we went straight to Tuscan Stone, on Galvez, under I-10. I didn’t even know that place was there. They have a big selection of stone, from onyx, marble, and granite to travertine, slate and limestone. I presently live in a condo with darker tones than I want for the Constance house. I found a beautiful piece of tile and am basing my color scheme for the kitchen on this. I’m not actually using this tile, just using it for inspiration. 

We chose a granite for the kitchen countertop and bar. Here is a picture of the slab…it doesn’t really do justice to the beauty of this stone. I had considered limestone but was told that it is a poor choice for kitchens because it is so porous. It would be so disappointing to have spills stain this, plus the limestone they had in stock was not a very good match colorwise. Here are the granite slabs we chose. It has the soft green tones I was looking for and granite is highly durable in the kitchen…

For the master bath I wanted something that was elegant but not too formal. We found a beautiful piece of vein cut travertine for the countertop. Here is a picture of that…

I love the striated pattern and the way it looks like waves breaking on the shore. There’s lots of movement and it will look beautiful on the countertop.

For the floors we’re using the samples below which are storm tumbled travertine. We’ll use a combination of sizes ranging from 2X2’s for the shower floor and for accents on the main floor. We’ll do a 12 inch border of the 2X2’s and use 12 inch squares for the main floor. We’re also using a subway type shape for the walls which will go about 4 ft up the walls…

This travertine is rustic and beautiful and we won’t slip on the floor because of the rough texture…We’re considering radiant heat flooring in our bathroom because it’s a corner room and will be cold in the winter. We’ll just have to price it out and see if it fits in the budget.

We had meeting with the the contractor, the electrician, the elevator rep, and the painters. We told them what to bid and what our ideas were to try and get some idea of cost. We have a budget and will have to make some compromises between what we need vs what we want. 

Since I will have to go the the New Orleans Historic Landmark Commission for a permit to fence in the adjoining lot we went over to the Bank, an architectural salvage shop to take pictures of the gates we’d found on a previous visit there. Sean pulled the gates so we could take pictures of them. I made an appointment with an architect who specializes is historic renovations and he gave me some preliminary requirements which upon further inspection makes me think these gates may not work. Apparently there is a 7 ft limitation on height. He also told me that the gates can’t be too ornate. In essence, the gates we chose will probably not work and here’s why…

They are 9 ft tall and probably too ornate. I’m going to meet with him tomorrow to argue my case for reusing salvaged elements to give them new life. Don’t know if it will fly but I’m going to try…let’s see what he suggests. 

We’re having the Bank manufacture shutters for the windows as well. They will be unfinished and oil rubbed.

Work has begun to tear up the concrete sidewalk on the Constance St side of the building. They were here with jackhammers yesterday morning and by the afternoon this is what it looked like all along the sidewalk…

The bricks were delivered to the lot. I found used Old New Orleans hard tans, which are the appropriate bricks for a sidewalk. They are harder than other types and I got 5 palates, which amount to about 2500 bricks.

The previous owner also gave me some bricks which hopefully will be enough to finish the job. The sidewalk on the Terpsichore side of the house looks like many of the original bricks are still there…they are just overgrown by grass.

Hopefully we will be able to scrape the grass off the surface to expose and re-level them. I’m hoping we find most of them there.

Lane took a trip to Wynona Miss. to look at some wood a friend has agreed to give us for anything we might need for the build out. He brought some samples and this is what they look like.

There’s cherry, pine, poplar and walnut and the grain in the samples is beautiful. We’re planning to take a big truck up there some time this week if all works out to pick it up. Apparently there’s plenty so it will have to be a coordinated effort. 

We also went to look at the elevators to make our selections for the cab finishes. This was a painless process and we got to stand inside some of the cabs to get a feel for the size. Ours is going to be a 54 inch square…big enough to hold a wheelchair and an extra person or two. We’re going to frame in the space for the elevator, but because of possible budget contraints, we may install it at a later date.

As you can see, we got a lot done this week. Steve, our contractor, also told us that the project will possibly be finished by the end of April. We’re pushing for that and will probably wait to rent the condo until that time. That will prevent us from having to move twice which is comforting to me…

Stay tuned for more…as we continue to work away….

Demolition

I went out to the Constance property yesterday and today to see the demolition  and things are going very well. In fact, it looks as though they are nearing completion on that part of the project. I was told today that the major beams holding up the upper floor need to be supported and they were stopping the work for today in order to get those supports to the job site tomorrow. 

This is the closet whose front will be recessed about 2 feet to accomodate the space for the kitchen. The bathroom pictured here will be the future site of Lane’s closet. He’s got a great window in this space which I think he will love having.

Here is a view of that space and the window…

They are also removing a small, and frankly useless closet upstairs to move the staircase area back a little. The future staircase will be wider and the steps will be less steep and deeper. It would be a nightmare to try and move furniture up the present staircase which has now been torn up considerably.

If you look at the top of this picture you can see that the sheetrock has been removed from around that closet.

This picture was taken from the site of the old kitchen looking toward the front of the building. This will be the future site of my closet and our bathroom. We will keep the door going out the back in case we acquire the lot behind us at some later date.

This is a view of the staircase area, now all opened up and ready to be plotted out for the coat closet, powder room, elevator shaft and new staircase. We will also keep the door to the staircase functional for any future needs…

I also went to Masonry Products yesterday to see if they had any Old New Orleans hard tan bricks for the restoration of the front sidewalk. Luckily they had some in stock and we purchased 2500. The mason is ready to get started so we should start seeing progress on that area as well. It’s a good thing because there are areas that are really bad and broken up creating a walking hazard.

The bricks were delivered today and hopefully they will begin that project starting tomorrow.

Kelly is coming back to town tomorrow. He has ordered furniture and rugs for the  condo we’re hoping to rent out. I’m going to start working on a nice brochure to advertise it. If I suck at that I will have one made that will show it off in its best light. It’s a lovely apt and hopefully we won’t have any trouble renting it.

Lane is in Mississippi visiting our friend, Joe, who has agreed to give us some lumber for anything we might have use for in the build out. Lane called me earlier to say that the wood is beautiful and there is lots of it. I’ll need to talk to the contractor to see what he thinks we can use.

Till later….

Italian Sweet and Sour Chicken

I’ve become a fan of Laura Calder, host of French Food At Home, on the Cooking Channel. Her playful sense of humor and ability to make cooking easy and fun are the draw for me. On the last show I watched she featured dishes made using things in your pantry. The chicken dish she made that day caught my attention, mainly because it featured vinegar as the base for the sauce and I’d never really gravitated toward dishes that I thought would be sour in flavor. Laura convinced me that I should try this dish because of the way she described it. She said that the vinegar mellows during cooking and gives the chicken delicious and complex flavor. That persuaded me to try the dish. 

For some reason though, I didn’t look for her recipe online. Instead I turned to a French cookbook in my collection by Patricia Wells that happened to have a recipe for chicken with tarragon and sherry vinegar. This is the one I tried and it proved to be delicious. I made the recipe as written with one exception. I used less tarragon than the recipe called for. I like the flavor of tarragon anise-like flavor but find that it can be overwhelming if too much is used, so I lessened the amount I used to about two tablespoons.

That being said, the recipe I’m posting about is another chicken dish that was inspired by the first dish I made. We all liked that dish so much that when I saw the recipe for Italian Sweet and Sour Chicken in the February 2012 issue of Food and Wine magazine submitted by Mario Batali, I had to make it. The preparation is easy and the result was super flavorful. Red wine and red wine vinegar as well as fresh orange juice comprise the base for this delicious dish. 

I tweeked this dish as well by adding additional carrots, onions, celery and garlic. Other than that I made the dish as printed.

Italian Sweet and Sour Chicken

  • 3-3 1/2 lbs skinless and boneless chicken thighs, trimmed of fat
  • Salt and fresh ground black pepper
  • 1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
  • 1 large onion, cut into 1/2 inch dice
  • 4 carrots, halved lengthwise and sliced 1/4 inch thick
  • 4 ribs celery, sliced into 1/4 inch slices
  • 8 garlic cloves, peeled
  • 1/4 cup sugar
  • 1 cup dry, light bodied red wine, such as Chianti
  • 1/2 cup red wine vinegar
  • 1/2 cup freshly squeezed orange juice
  • 2 tbsp capers, drained
  • 1/4 cup sliced almonds 

1. Season the chicken pieces with salt and pepper and set aside

2. Heat 2 tbsp of the olive oil over medium heat. Saute half the chicken pieces until lightly browned about 3-4 minutes per side. Set the chicken aside and repeat with the rest of the chicken pieces.

3. Add the remaining 2 tbsp of olive oil and when the oil is hot add the onion, carrots, celery and garlic and cook the vegetables until beginning to brown and tender, about 8 minutes.

Add sugar, wine, vinegar, orange juice, capers and almonds and bring to a boil. Lower the heat to a simmer.

Return the chicken to the skillet and cover partially. Simmer the chicken until cooked through and tender, about 35 minutes.

4. Transfer the chicken to a plate and boil down the sauce until thickened slightly, about 3 minutes. (After a couple of minutes I found my sauce to be very flavorful  but still a little thin. I was hesitant however to reduce it any further for fear of the sauce becoming too strong so I took about 1 cup of the sauce and vegetables out and put it into a blender to puree, adding this back to the sauce to give it body) This worked very well and gave the sauce a lovely velvety texture.

5. Return the chicken to the sauce in the skillet to glaze and heat through. I served the chicken with buttered linguini and a fennel, orange and olive salad.

I hope you will try this delicious and easy dish. It’s amazing how much flavor you can achieve using a pantry staple like wine vinegar.

Bon Appetit !

Breaking Through, Part II

Just an update. I went by the house today to see that J had torn out the rest of the closet surround and cut a new transem above the powder room door. It has really helped to visualize things and to open up the space.

I also stated that the paint color we had chosen is called Iron Lion when it is in fact Stone Lion. The color we’ve chosen for the powder room is called Palm Leaf, if we keep that one. We’ll know more once we see it in the natural light of the transem.

I also received the auto-cad drawings and here they are…

This image is of a floor plan that shows all the living area adjacent to the courtyard. I like the idea of having the living areas alongside the yard. It would be convenient for entertaining indoors or out.

This is an alternate first floor plan that keeps the master bedroom adjacent to the yard and puts the master bath and closet area to the back. The kitchen shrinks a little but the master closet gets bigger and can possibly even be divided into two closets. I like this arrangement a lot but I wonder if the island can be turned and lengthened. hmmm…